28 AI Milestone Timeline – 1950-2022, per Stanford University… 1: AI ‘Winter’ was a term used by Nils J. Nilsson, the Kumagai Professor of Engineering in computer science at Stanford University, to describe the period during which AI continued to make conceptual progress but could boast no significant practical successes. This subsequently led to a drop in AI interest and funding. Includes data from sources beyond Stanford. Source: Stanford University & Stanford Law School sources, iRobot, TechCrunch, BBC, OpenAI. Data aggregated by BOND. 10/50: Alan Turing creates his Turing Test to measure computer intelligence, positing that computers could think like humans 6/56: Stanford computer scientist John McCarthy convenes the Dartmouth Conference on ‘Artificial Intelligence,’ a term he coined 1/62: Arthur Samuel, an IBM computer scientist, creates a self-learning program that proves capable of defeating a top USA checkers champion AI ‘Winter1’ (1967-1996) 1/66: Stanford researchers deploy Shakey, the first general- purpose mobile robot that can reason about its own actions 5/97: Deep Blue, IBM’s chess- playing computer, defeats Garry Kasparov, the world chess champion at the time 9/02: Roomba, the first mass- produced autonomous robotic vacuum cleaner that can navigate homes, is launched 10/05: A Stanford team build a driverless car named Stanley; it completes a 132-mile course, winning the DARPA Grand Challenge 4/10: Apple acquires Siri voice assistant & integrates it into iPhone 4S model one year later 6/14: Eugene Goostman, a chatbot, passes the Turing Test, with 1/3 of judges believing that Eugene is human 6/18: OpenAI releases GPT-1, the first of their large language models 6/20: OpenAI releases GPT- 3, an AI tool for automated conversations; Microsoft exclusively licenses the model 11/22: OpenAI releases ChatGPT to the public AI = Many Years Before Lift-Off