281 AI Large Language Model (LLM) Leadership = USA & China Outpacing Rest of World (RoW), per Epoch AI *Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China, not an independent country. Note: Epoch AI defines AI models as ‘large-scale’ when their training compute is confirmed to exceed 1023 floating-point operations. Source: Epoch AI via Our World In Data (5/25) Cumulative Large-Scale AI Systems by Country* – 2017-2024, per Epoch AI Cumulative Large-Scale AI Systems USA vs. China in Technology = China’s AI Response Time Significantly Faster vs. Internet 1995 0 50 100 150 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 United States China Multinational United Kingdom France Canada Hong Kong Germany