256 Large-Scale AI Video Model Competition = +120% Increase in Models Released Y/Y, per Epoch AI *Epoch AI defines large-scale as models where their training compute is confirmed to exceed 1023 floating-point operations. An AI system can operate in more than one domain and may be double-counted across pages. Many models shown are multimodal. Source: Epoch AI via Our World in Data (4/25), OpenAI, Amazon, Pinterest, Pinterest Video Models – Examples Large-Scale* Video Models – Releases OpenAI Sora – 12/24 Amazon Nova Reel – 12/24 0 5 10 15 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 (as of 5/25) +120% Rising Competition = AI Model Releases Number of Systems Released per Year According to academic studies, 50% of the human brain is wired for visual processing. The ability for users to explore their interest visually and take action on them… is particularly relevant for Gen Z… who have been raised on an internet of visual content across images and video. - Pinterest CEO Bill Ready (5/25)