18 …167% Annual Growth Over Four Years in… Number of Powerful AI Models *As of 4/25, ‘Large-Scale AI Models’ are generally defined as those with a training compute of 1023 FLOPs or greater, per Epoch AI. Source: Epoch AI (5/25) Number of New Large-Scale AI Models (Larger than 1023 FLOP*) – 2017-2024, per Epoch AI Number of New Models Released Each Year AI Technology Compounding = Numbers Behind The Momentum 0 50 100 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Includes models from • xAI • Anthropic • Meta • NVIDIA • Mistral • Arc Institute • & Others… +167% / Year Both models from DeepMind (AlphaGo Zero & Master) Publication Date