254 Large-Scale AI Vision Model Competition = +109% Increase in Models Released Y/Y, per Epoch AI *Epoch AI defines large-scale as models where their training compute is confirmed to exceed 1023 floating-point operations. An AI system can operate in more than one domain and may be double-counted across pages. Many models shown are multimodal. Source: Epoch AI via Our World in Data (4/25), Meta, Alibaba Vision Models* – Examples Large-Scale* Image Models – Releases Meta Llama 3.2 – 9/24 Qwen2-VL – 12/24 0 10 20 30 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 (as of 5/25) +109% Rising Competition = AI Model Releases Number of Systems Released per Year